Testimonia — Early Christian Bible Commentary

Enter a reference such as John 1:1, then press Enter.

Matthew 10

1He called to himself his twelve disciples, and gave them authority over unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal every disease and every sickness.

2Now the names of the twelve apostles are these. The first, Simon, who is called Peter; Andrew, his brother; James the son of Zebedee; John, his brother;

3Philip; Bartholomew; Thomas; Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus; Lebbaeus, who was also called Thaddaeus;

4Simon the Zealot; and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him.

5Jesus sent these twelve out and commanded them, saying, “Don’t go among the Gentiles, and don’t enter into any city of the Samaritans.

6Rather, go to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.

7As you go, preach, saying, ‘The Kingdom of Heaven is at hand!’

8Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, and cast out demons. Freely you received, so freely give.

9Don’t take any gold, silver, or brass in your money belts.

10Take no bag for your journey, neither two coats, nor sandals, nor staff: for the laborer is worthy of his food.

11Into whatever city or village you enter, find out who in it is worthy, and stay there until you go on.

12As you enter into the household, greet it.

13If the household is worthy, let your peace come on it, but if it isn’t worthy, let your peace return to you.

14Whoever doesn’t receive you or hear your words, as you go out of that house or that city, shake the dust off your feet.

15Most certainly I tell you, it will be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment than for that city.

16“Behold, I send you out as sheep among wolves. Therefore be wise as serpents and harmless as doves.

17But beware of men, for they will deliver you up to councils, and in their synagogues they will scourge you.

18Yes, and you will be brought before governors and kings for my sake, for a testimony to them and to the nations.

19But when they deliver you up, don’t be anxious how or what you will say, for it will be given you in that hour what you will say.

20For it is not you who speak, but the Spirit of your Father who speaks in you.

21“Brother will deliver up brother to death, and the father his child. Children will rise up against parents and cause them to be put to death.

22You will be hated by all men for my name’s sake, but he who endures to the end will be saved.

23But when they persecute you in this city, flee into the next, for most certainly I tell you, you will not have gone through the cities of Israel until the Son of Man has come.

24“A disciple is not above his teacher, nor a servant above his lord.

25It is enough for the disciple that he be like his teacher, and the servant like his lord. If they have called the master of the house Beelzebul, how much more those of his household!

26Therefore don’t be afraid of them, for there is nothing covered that will not be revealed, or hidden that will not be known.

27What I tell you in the darkness, speak in the light; and what you hear whispered in the ear, proclaim on the housetops.

28Don’t be afraid of those who kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul. Rather, fear him who is able to destroy both soul and body in Gehenna.

29“Aren’t two sparrows sold for an assarion coin? Not one of them falls to the ground apart from your Father’s will.

30But the very hairs of your head are all numbered.

31Therefore don’t be afraid. You are of more value than many sparrows.

32Everyone therefore who confesses me before men, I will also confess him before my Father who is in heaven.

33But whoever denies me before men, I will also deny him before my Father who is in heaven.

34“Don’t think that I came to send peace on the earth. I didn’t come to send peace, but a sword.

35For I came to set a man at odds against his father, and a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law.

36A man’s foes will be those of his own household.

37He who loves father or mother more than me is not worthy of me; and he who loves son or daughter more than me isn’t worthy of me.

38He who doesn’t take his cross and follow after me isn’t worthy of me.

39He who seeks his life will lose it; and he who loses his life for my sake will find it.

40“He who receives you receives me, and he who receives me receives him who sent me.

41He who receives a prophet in the name of a prophet will receive a prophet’s reward. He who receives a righteous man in the name of a righteous man will receive a righteous man’s reward.

42Whoever gives one of these little ones just a cup of cold water to drink in the name of a disciple, most certainly I tell you, he will in no way lose his reward.”

Early Christian commentary

Early 2nd century AD (date debated) | Ignatius of Antioch

If thou lovest the good disciples, no thanks are due to thee on that account; but rather seek by meekness to subdue the more troublesome. Every kind of wound is not healed with the same plaster. Mitigate violent attacks [of disease] by gentle applications. Be in all things “wise as a serpent, and harmless as a dove.” For this purpose thou art composed of both flesh and spirit, that thou mayest deal tenderly with those [evils] that present themselves visibly before thee. And as respects those that are not seen, pray that [God] would reveal them unto thee, in order that thou mayest be wanting in nothing, but mayest abound in every gift. The times call for thee, as pilots do for the winds, and as one tossed with tempest seeks for the haven, so that both thou [and those under thy care] may attain to God. Be sober as an athlete of God: the prize set before thee is immortality and eternal life, of which thou art also persuaded. In all things may my soul be for thine, and my bonds also, which thou hast loved.

Commentary · Epistle to Polycarp (shorter recension), Chapter II, shorter recension · Original source · Wikisource contributors; Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume I. Reused under CC BY-SA 4.0; source revision linked. · Licence · Source revision · Whitespace normalized; source pagination and footnote reference markers removed. English wording unchanged.

c. 153–157 AD (date debated) | Justin Martyr

And to any thoughtful person would anything appear more incredible, than, if we were not in the body, and some one were to say that it was possible that from a small drop of human seed bones and sinews and flesh be formed into a shape such as we see? For let this now be said hypothetically: if you yourselves were not such as you now are, and born of such parents [and causes], and one were to show you human seed and a picture of a man, and were to say with confidence that from such a substance such a being could be produced, would you believe before you saw the actual production? No one will dare to deny [that such a statement would surpass belief]. In the same way, then, you are now incredulous because you have never seen a dead man rise again. But as at first you would not have believed it possible that such persons could be produced from the small drop, and yet now you see them thus produced, so also judge ye that it is not impossible that the bodies of men, after they have been dissolved, and like seeds resolved into earth, should in God's appointed time rise again and put on incorruption. For what power worthy of God those imagine who say, that each thing returns to that from which it was produced, and that beyond this not even God Himself can do anything, we are unable to conceive; but this we see clearly, that they would not have believed it possible that they could have become such and produced from such materials, as they now see both themselves and the whole world to be. And that it is better to believe even what is impossible to our own nature and to men, than to be unbelieving like the rest of the world, we have learned; for we know that our master Jesus Christ said, that "what is impossible with men is possible with God," and, "Fear not them that kill you, and after that can do no more; but fear Him who after death is able to cast both soul and body into hell." And hell is a place where those are to be punished who have lived wickedly, and who do not believe that those things which God has taught us by Christ will come to pass.

Commentary · The First Apology, Chapter 19 · Original source · Justin Martyr; translated by Marcus Dods; T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh, 1870. Historical transcription supplied by Wikisource contributors. · Licence · Source revision · Whitespace normalized; source pagination and footnote reference markers removed. English wording unchanged.