Testimonia — Early Christian Bible Commentary

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Genesis 2

1The heavens, the earth, and all their vast array were finished.

2On the seventh day God finished his work which he had done; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had done.

3God blessed the seventh day, and made it holy, because he rested in it from all his work of creation which he had done.

4This is the history of the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens.

5No plant of the field was yet on the earth, and no herb of the field had yet sprung up; for the LORD God had not caused it to rain on the earth. There was not a man to till the ground,

6but a mist went up from the earth, and watered the whole surface of the ground.

7The LORD God formed man from the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.

8The LORD God planted a garden eastward, in Eden, and there he put the man whom he had formed.

9Out of the ground the LORD God made every tree to grow that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food, including the tree of life in the middle of the garden and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.

10A river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from there it was parted, and became the source of four rivers.

11The name of the first is Pishon: it flows through the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold;

12and the gold of that land is good. Bdellium and onyx stone are also there.

13The name of the second river is Gihon. It is the same river that flows through the whole land of Cush.

14The name of the third river is Hiddekel. This is the one which flows in front of Assyria. The fourth river is the Euphrates.

15The LORD God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to cultivate and keep it.

16The LORD God commanded the man, saying, “You may freely eat of every tree of the garden;

17but you shall not eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil; for in the day that you eat of it, you will surely die.”

18The LORD God said, “It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make him a helper comparable to him.”

19Out of the ground the LORD God formed every animal of the field, and every bird of the sky, and brought them to the man to see what he would call them. Whatever the man called every living creature became its name.

20The man gave names to all livestock, and to the birds of the sky, and to every animal of the field; but for man there was not found a helper comparable to him.

21The LORD God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep. As the man slept, he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh in its place.

22The LORD God made a woman from the rib which he had taken from the man, and brought her to the man.

23The man said, “This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh. She will be called ‘woman,’ because she was taken out of Man.”

24Therefore a man will leave his father and his mother, and will join with his wife, and they will be one flesh.

25The man and his wife were both naked, and they were not ashamed.

Early Christian commentary

Late 1st century AD (traditionally c. 95–100) | Clement of Rome

To these men who spent their lives in the practice of holiness, there is to be added a great multitude of the elect, who, having through envy endured many indignities and tortures, furnished us with a most excellent example. Through envy, those women, the Danaids and Dircæ, being persecuted, after they had suffered terrible and unspeakable torments, finished the course of their faith with stedfastness, and though weak in body, received a noble reward. Envy has alienated wives from their husbands, and changed that saying of our father Adam, “This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh.” Envy and strife have overthrown great cities, and rooted up mighty nations.

Commentary · First Epistle to the Corinthians, Chapter VI · Original source · The Writings of the Apostolic Fathers (T. & T. Clark, 1870), edited and translated by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson; independent electronic transcription: David King and the Online Proofreading Team, Project Gutenberg ebook 77576. · Licence · Source revision · Whitespace normalized; source pagination and footnote reference markers removed. English wording unchanged.

c. 190 AD | Irenaeus of Lyons

11. But man He formed with His own hands, taking from the earth that which was purest and finest, and mingling in measure His own power with the earth. For He traced His own form on the formation, that that which should 'be seen should be of divine form: for (as) the image of God was man formed and set on the earth. And that he might become living, He breathed on his face the breath of life; that both for the breath and for the formation man should be like unto God. Moreover he was free and self-controlled, being made by God for this end, that he might rule all those things that were upon the earth. And this great created world, prepared by God before the formation of man, was given to man as his place, containing all things within itself. And there were in this place also with (their) tasks the servants of that God who formed all things; and the steward, who was set over all his fellow-servants received this place. Now the servants were angels, and the steward was the archangel.

Commentary · The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching, Section 11 · Original source

c. 190 AD | Irenaeus of Lyons

13. And, whilst man dwelt in Paradise, God brought before him all living things and commanded him to give names to them all; and whatsoever Adam called a living soul, that was its name. And He determined also to make a helper for the man: for thus God said, It is not good for the man to be alone: let us make for him a helper meet for him. For among all the other living things there was not found a helper equal and comparable and like to Adam. But God Himself cast a trance upon Adam and made him sleep; and, that work might be accomplished from work, since there was no sleep in Paradise, this was brought upon Adam by the will of God; and God took one of Adam's ribs and filled up the flesh in its place, and the rib which He took He builded into a woman; and so He brought her to Adam; and he seeing (her) said: This is now bone of my bone, flesh of my flesh: she shall be called woman, because she was taken from her husband.

Commentary · The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching, Section 13 · Original source

c. 190 AD | Irenaeus of Lyons

14. And Adam and Eve----for that is the name of the woman----were naked, and were not ashamed; for there was in them an innocent and childlike mind, and it was not possible for them to conceive and understand anything of that which by wickedness through lusts and shameful desires is born in the soul. For they were at that time entire, preserving their own nature; since they had the breath of life which was breathed on their creation: and, while this breath remains in its place and power, it has no comprehension and understanding of things that are base. And therefore they were not ashamed, kissing and embracing each other in purity after the manner of children.

Commentary · The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching, Section 14 · Original source

c. 190 AD | Irenaeus of Lyons

15. But, lest man should conceive thoughts too high, and be exalted and uplifted, as though he had no lord, because of the authority and freedom granted to him, and so should transgress against his maker God, overpassing his measure, and entertain selfish imaginings of pride in opposition to God; a law was given to him by God, in order that he might perceive that he had as lord the Lord of all. And He set him certain limitations, so that, if he should keep the commandment of God, he should ever remain such as he was, that is to say, immortal; but, if he should not keep it, he should become mortal and be dissolved to earth from whence his formation had been taken. Now the commandment was this: Of every tree that is in the Paradise thou shalt freely eat; but of that tree alone from which is the knowledge of good and evil, of it thou shalt not eat; for in the day thou eatest, thou shalt surely die.

Commentary · The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching, Section 15 · Original source

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