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Book III — Source paragraphs and footnotes

Chapter XX.—The Relatives of our Saviour.; original source section: Chapter 20

6 complete historical source paragraphs and 11 editorial footnotes. Author and edition credits are shown for each record; original wording is retained.

English translation and editorial credits: Rev. Arthur Cushman McGiffert (Ph.D.).

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1890 (historical English edition; transcription printing date uncertain) | Historical editor/translator (individual note author unspecified)

According to Andrew’s Lexicon, “An Evocatus was a soldier who, having served out his time, was called upon to do military duty as a volunteer.” This suspiciousness is perfectly in keeping with the character of Domitian. The same thing is told also of Vespasian, in chap. 12; but in his case the political situation was far more serious, and revolutions under the lead of one of the royal family might most naturally be expected just after the terrible destruction. The same act is also mentioned in connection with Trajan, in chap. 32, and there is no reason to doubt its truthfulness, for the Jews were well known as a most rebellious and troublesome people.

Editorial footnote · Book III, Chapter XX.—The Relatives of our Saviour.; original source section: Chapter 20, editorial note cite_note-2 · Original source

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2. Information was given that they belonged to the family of David, and they were brought to the Emperor Domitian by the Evocatus. For Domitian feared the coming of Christ as Herod also had feared it. And he asked them if they were descendants of David, and they confessed that they were. Then he asked them how much property they had, or how much money they owned. And both of them answered that they had only nine thousand denarii, half of which belonged to each of them;

1890 (historical English edition; transcription printing date uncertain) | Historical editor/translator (individual note author unspecified)

A denarius was a Roman silver coin, in value about sixteen, or, according to others, about nineteen, cents.

Editorial footnote · Book III, Chapter XX.—The Relatives of our Saviour.; original source section: Chapter 20, editorial note cite_note-3 · Original source

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2. Information was given that they belonged to the family of David, and they were brought to the Emperor Domitian by the Evocatus. For Domitian feared the coming of Christ as Herod also had feared it. And he asked them if they were descendants of David, and they confessed that they were. Then he asked them how much property they had, or how much money they owned. And both of them answered that they had only nine thousand denarii, half of which belonged to each of them;

1890 (historical English edition; transcription printing date uncertain) | Historical editor/translator (individual note author unspecified)

Most editors (including Valesius, Heinichen, Crusè, &c.) regard the quotation from Hegesippus as extending through §8; but it really ends here, and from this point on Eusebius reproduces the sense in his own words (and so Bright gives it in his edition). This is perfectly clear, for in the first place, the infinitive ἐπιδεικνῦναι occurs in the next sentence, a form possible only in indirect discourse: and secondly, as Lightfoot has pointed out, the statement of §8 is repeated in chap. 32, §6, and there in the exact language of Hegesippus, which differs enough from the language of §8 to show that the latter is a free reproduction.

Editorial footnote · Book III, Chapter XX.—The Relatives of our Saviour.; original source section: Chapter 20, editorial note cite_note-5 · Original source

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4. and this property did not consist of silver, but of a piece of land which contained only thirty-nine acres, and from which they raised their taxes and supported themselves by their own labor.”

1890 (historical English edition; transcription printing date uncertain) | Historical editor/translator (individual note author unspecified)

Literally, “the word of the ancients among us” (ὁ τῶν παρ᾽ ἡμῖν ἀρχαίων λόγος). On the tradition itself, see chap. 1, note 6.

Editorial footnote · Book III, Chapter XX.—The Relatives of our Saviour.; original source section: Chapter 20, editorial note cite_note-12 · Original source

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11. It was at this time that the apostle John returned from his banishment in the island and took up his abode at Ephesus, according to an ancient Christian tradition.

1890 (historical English edition; transcription printing date uncertain) | Historical editor/translator (individual note author unspecified)

“Taxes or tributes were paid commonly in the products of the land” (Val.).

Editorial footnote · Book III, Chapter XX.—The Relatives of our Saviour.; original source section: Chapter 20, editorial note cite_note-4 · Original source

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4. and this property did not consist of silver, but of a piece of land which contained only thirty-nine acres, and from which they raised their taxes and supported themselves by their own labor.”

1890 (historical English edition; transcription printing date uncertain) | Historical editor/translator (individual note author unspecified)

μ€ρτυρας. On the use of this word, see chap. 32, note 15.

Editorial footnote · Book III, Chapter XX.—The Relatives of our Saviour.; original source section: Chapter 20, editorial note cite_note-6 · Original source

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8. But when they were released they ruled the churches because they were witnesses and were also relatives of the Lord. And peace being established, they lived until the time of Trajan. These things are related by Hegesippus.

1890 (historical English edition; transcription printing date uncertain) | Historical editor/translator (individual note author unspecified)

Domitian reigned from Dec. 13, 81 a.d., to Sept. 18, 96.

Editorial footnote · Book III, Chapter XX.—The Relatives of our Saviour.; original source section: Chapter 20, editorial note cite_note-10 · Original source

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10. But after Domitian had reigned fifteen years, and Nerva had succeeded to the empire, the Roman Senate, according to the writers that record the history of those days, voted that Domitian’s honors should be cancelled, and that those who had been unjustly banished should return to their homes and have their property restored to them.

1890 (historical English edition; transcription printing date uncertain) | Historical editor/translator (individual note author unspecified)

See Dion Cassius, LXVIII. 1 sq., and Suetonius’ Domitian, chap. 23.

Editorial footnote · Book III, Chapter XX.—The Relatives of our Saviour.; original source section: Chapter 20, editorial note cite_note-11 · Original source

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10. But after Domitian had reigned fifteen years, and Nerva had succeeded to the empire, the Roman Senate, according to the writers that record the history of those days, voted that Domitian’s honors should be cancelled, and that those who had been unjustly banished should return to their homes and have their property restored to them.

1890 (historical English edition; transcription printing date uncertain) | Historical editor/translator (individual note author unspecified)

Compare Renan’s Les Evangiles, p. 466.

Editorial footnote · Book III, Chapter XX.—The Relatives of our Saviour.; original source section: Chapter 20, editorial note cite_note-7 · Original source

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8. But when they were released they ruled the churches because they were witnesses and were also relatives of the Lord. And peace being established, they lived until the time of Trajan. These things are related by Hegesippus.

1890 (historical English edition; transcription printing date uncertain) | Historical editor/translator (individual note author unspecified)

Tertullian, Apol. chap. 5.

Editorial footnote · Book III, Chapter XX.—The Relatives of our Saviour.; original source section: Chapter 20, editorial note cite_note-8 · Original source

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9. Tertullian also has mentioned Domitian in the following words: “Domitian also, who possessed a share of Nero’s cruelty, attempted once to do the same thing that the latter did. But because he had, I suppose, some intelligence, he very soon ceased, and even recalled those whom he had banished.”

1890 (historical English edition; transcription printing date uncertain) | Historical editor/translator (individual note author unspecified)

τι συνέσεως. Lat. sed qua et homo.

Editorial footnote · Book III, Chapter XX.—The Relatives of our Saviour.; original source section: Chapter 20, editorial note cite_note-9 · Original source

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9. Tertullian also has mentioned Domitian in the following words: “Domitian also, who possessed a share of Nero’s cruelty, attempted once to do the same thing that the latter did. But because he had, I suppose, some intelligence, he very soon ceased, and even recalled those whom he had banished.”

Date uncertain | Eusebius of Caesarea (historical work attribution)

2. Information was given that they belonged to the family of David, and they were brought to the Emperor Domitian by the Evocatus. For Domitian feared the coming of Christ as Herod also had feared it. And he asked them if they were descendants of David, and they confessed that they were. Then he asked them how much property they had, or how much money they owned. And both of them answered that they had only nine thousand denarii, half of which belonged to each of them;

Complete source paragraph · Book III, Chapter XX.—The Relatives of our Saviour.; original source section: Chapter 20, source paragraph 3 · Original source

Date uncertain | Eusebius of Caesarea (historical work attribution)

4. and this property did not consist of silver, but of a piece of land which contained only thirty-nine acres, and from which they raised their taxes and supported themselves by their own labor.”

Complete source paragraph · Book III, Chapter XX.—The Relatives of our Saviour.; original source section: Chapter 20, source paragraph 4 · Original source

Date uncertain | Eusebius of Caesarea (historical work attribution)

8. But when they were released they ruled the churches because they were witnesses and were also relatives of the Lord. And peace being established, they lived until the time of Trajan. These things are related by Hegesippus.

Complete source paragraph · Book III, Chapter XX.—The Relatives of our Saviour.; original source section: Chapter 20, source paragraph 8 · Original source

Date uncertain | Eusebius of Caesarea (historical work attribution)

9. Tertullian also has mentioned Domitian in the following words: “Domitian also, who possessed a share of Nero’s cruelty, attempted once to do the same thing that the latter did. But because he had, I suppose, some intelligence, he very soon ceased, and even recalled those whom he had banished.”

Complete source paragraph · Book III, Chapter XX.—The Relatives of our Saviour.; original source section: Chapter 20, source paragraph 9 · Original source

Date uncertain | Eusebius of Caesarea (historical work attribution)

10. But after Domitian had reigned fifteen years, and Nerva had succeeded to the empire, the Roman Senate, according to the writers that record the history of those days, voted that Domitian’s honors should be cancelled, and that those who had been unjustly banished should return to their homes and have their property restored to them.

Complete source paragraph · Book III, Chapter XX.—The Relatives of our Saviour.; original source section: Chapter 20, source paragraph 10 · Original source

Date uncertain | Eusebius of Caesarea (historical work attribution)

11. It was at this time that the apostle John returned from his banishment in the island and took up his abode at Ephesus, according to an ancient Christian tradition.

Complete source paragraph · Book III, Chapter XX.—The Relatives of our Saviour.; original source section: Chapter 20, source paragraph 11 · Original source